POL 303 Entire Course The American Constitution – Homeworkmade.

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POL 303 Week 1 DQ 1 Judicial Review

POL 303 Week 1 DQ 2 Congress and Federalism

POL 303 Week 2 DQ 1 Religious Liberty

POL 303 Week 2 DQ 2 Freedom of Expression

POL 303 Week 2 Teaching “Intelligent Design” in the Public Schools

POL 303 Week 3 DQ 1 Equal Protection and Gender Discrimination

POL 303 Week 3 DQ 2 Constitutional Issues Related to Same-gender Marriage

POL 303 Week 3 Research Paper Draft

POL 303 Week 4 DQ 1 Suspicion-less Strip Searches

POL 303 Week 4 DQ 2 Cruel and Unusual Punishment

POL 303 Week 5 DQ 1 Eminent Domain

POL 303 Week 5 DQ 2 Right to Bear Arms

POL 303 Week 5 Final Paper

POL 303 Week 1 DQ 1 Judicial Review – Homeworkmade.

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DQ 1 Judicial Review. Respond to this 2-part question in your initial post:

a.What is the Supreme Court’s justification for its claim to the power of judicial review in the American 
system of government? Fully explain Chief Justice Marshall’s rationale in Marbury v. Madison.

b.Do you find this rationale persuasive, especially in light of how the modern Court exercises this power in 
a decision like Bush v. Gore? Fully explain the constitutional basis of your reasons.

POL 303 Week 1 DQ 2 Congress and Federalism – Homeworkmade.

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DQ 2 Congress and Federalism. Respond to this 2-part question in your initial post:

a.What is the Supreme Court’s justification for recognizing broad and expansive national power in 
Congress to address what some view as “local” problems? Fully explain the Court’s rationale in McCulloch v. Maryland (by Marshall, C.J.) and the different rationales of various Justices in the 2012 Affordable Care Act (“Obamacare”) cases.

b.Which of the Court’s rationales do you find most persuasive? Which are the least persuasive? Fully explain the constitutional basis of your reasons.

POL 303 Week 2 DQ 1 Religious Liberty – Homeworkmade.

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DQ 1 Religious Liberty. Respond to this 3-part question in your initial post:

Explain the Supreme Court’s reasons, in Edwards v. Aguillard (the majority opinion by Justice Brennan), for holding that a law mandating the teaching of creationism in public schools violates the Constitution’s ban on “establishment of religion.”

Explain the rationale of Justice Scalia’s dissenting opinion.

Which rationale, the majority or dissent, is more consistent with previous Supreme Court interpretations 
of the Establishment Clause (see Davis, 2008)? Fully explain the historical and constitutional basis for your position.

POL 303 Week 2 DQ 2 Freedom of Expression – Homeworkmade.

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DQ 2 Freedom of Expression. In 2010 the Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, held that certain government restrictions on corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections were unconstitutional (Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission). This controversial decision has been greeted with calls to overturn it by amending the Constitution. Respond to this 3-part question in your initial post:

Explain the rationale of the Supreme Court’s decision in Citizens United (the majority opinion by Justice Kennedy).

Explain the rationale of Justice Steven’s dissenting opinion.

Evaluate both the majority and minority rationales. Explain and justify your evaluation by drawing on 
previous Supreme Court interpretations of the 1st Amendment

POL 303 Week 2 Teaching Intelligent Design in the Public Schools – Homeworkmade.

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Teaching “Intelligent Design” in the Public Schools. Write your paper about a hypothetical proposal that is before the elected school board for the public schools in your city. The proposal stirs deep controversy in the community. Opponents claim that it would violate the Constitution’s prohibition against a “establishment of religion.” The proposed mandatory regulation states:

“The theory of ‘intelligent design’ shall be taught in the public schools of this city in all classes where the theory of evolution is taught. The theory of ‘intelligent design’ shall be taught as a possible scientific explanation for life, and other aspects of the universe, and as an alternative to the scientific explanation offered by the theory of evolution. For purposes of this regulation, ‘intelligent design’ is a theory that certain features of the universe and living things ‘are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection’ as claimed by the theory of evolution.” [See: IDEA Center. (2004). Intelligent design theory in a nutshell. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ideacenter.org/contentmgr/showdetails.php/id/1136%5D.

Write your paper from the perspective of a community member listed below. In other words, for this assignment, you will assume a role. Imagine yourself as one of the following people:

The superintendent of the public schools in your community.

The chair-person of the local elected school board.

A little known candidate running for mayor, who is challenging the long-time, highly popular mayor.

The president of the citywide Public School Parents Association.

The pastor of a local mega-church who believes in the literal interpretation of the Bible, including every 
aspect of the creation story.

A high school science teacher who is the elected president of the citywide teachers’ union.

Write your paper as if it will be read by a public audience who are likely to be interested in your views given your role in the community. With this in mind, write clearly and persuasively for that audience. You are not required to take a position that your audience agrees with; but you should write with the purpose of informing and persuading that audience. If you know someone who plays a role like this in your community, it might be interesting to discuss this assignment with that person.

Your paper must clearly state your position on the constitutionality of the proposed school regulation. Your paper should not address broader questions about the merits of the regulation; but it should focus on whether or not the regulation would violate the Establishment Clause of the Constitution. You must clearly explain and apply an interpretation of the Establishment Clause and justify your position using part of the rationale of at least one of the four different opinions authored by various Justices of the Supreme Court in the case of Edwards v. Aguillard (1987). However, the paper must be written in your own words without lengthy quotation from outside sources.

POL 303 Week 3 DQ 1 Equal Protection and Gender Discrimination – Homeworkmade.

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DQ 1 Equal Protection and Gender Discrimination. In recent years opportunities for women in the U.S. military have been expanding. But 200,000 jobs may remain closed to women for a variety of reasons. Recently two female Army Reserve officers sued the government for excluding them from formal “assignment” to specific Army combat units and other positions solely because of their gender (Sampson, 2012). They argue that being excluded from these “assignments” limits their opportunities for advancement in the Army and restricts their current and future earnings and their retirement benefits. They also argue that the Army’s practice of “attaching” them to such units (instead of formally “assigning” them which is barred under Army rules) actually exposes them to greater danger than male soldiers because women are excluded from combat-arms training for engaging hostile opponents.

Respond to this 3-part question in your initial post:

Explain the Supreme Court’s reasons in United States v. Virginia (the majority opinion by Justice 
Ginsberg) for holding that excluding women from VMI violated the Constitution’s Equal Protection 
Clause.

Explain the rationale of Justice Scalia’s dissenting opinion.

Does the military’s exclusion of women from formal and active combat “assignments” on the basis of 
gender violate their Equal Protection rights? To decide this issue, apply the rationale of either Justice Ginsberg or Justice Scalia. Fully explain your reasons for your position in terms of a constitutional rationale.

Reference:
Sampson, Z. (2012, May 25). 2 female Army officers sue to reverse combat ban. Associated Press. Retrieved

from http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/05/25/2-female-army-officers-sue-to-reverse-combat-ban/

POL 303 Week 3 DQ 2 Constitutional Issues Related to Same-gender Marriage – Homeworkmade.

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Constitutional Issues Related to Same-gender Marriage. In 2012 the Armed Services Committee of the House of Representatives adopted, by a party-line vote, an amendment to the military defense budget for 2013 that would prohibit same-gender marriage ceremonies in base chapels serving members of the U.S. Armed Forces. If this amendment is enacted into law, it will change current Defense Department policy that allows use of chapels for religious marriage ceremonies on sexual-orientation neutral basis.

If by law the government denies a same-gender military couple permission to hold a religiously authorized marriage ceremony in a base chapel, would such denial violate the Constitution? Respond to this question in your initial post. Fully explain the constitutionally-based reasons for your position, considering both the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses and the following cases:

The Supreme Court’s unanimous decision in Loving v. Virginia (1967).

The rationales of the Supreme Court’s majority or dissenting opinions in Lawrence and Garner v. Texas.

The rationales of the Court’s majority or dissenting opinions in United States v. Virginia (the VMI case).

The rationales of various judicial opinions in recent federal court litigation about the constitutionality of 
California’s Proposition 8 outlawing same-gender marriage.

Avoid discussion of your personal opinions about same-gender marriage. Instead, focus on the constitutional issues that may be raised by the specific circumstances of the proposed law that would ban the use of military base chapels for such marriage ceremonies.

POL 303 Week 3 Research Paper Draft – Homeworkmade.

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Research Paper Draft. This is an opportunity to submit a draft or outline of the Research Paper for review and feedback from your instructor. Read the instructions for the Week Five Research Paper and create an outline for the structure of the paper. For information regarding writing an outline, reference to the Ashford Writing Center within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar.

You must use at least five scholarly resources (including Supreme Court decisions) and at least two articles that can be found in the Ashford Online Library to support your claims and subclaims. Cite your resources in text and on the reference page. For information regarding APA samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center, within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar, in your online course.

POL 303 Week 4 DQ 1 Suspicion-less Strip Searches – Homeworkmade.

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DQ 1 Suspicion-less Strip Searches. In 2012 the Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, upheld the constitutionality of routine (without probable cause) strip searches of persons arrested and detained, even briefly, in a jail (Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders of the Country of Burlington). Respond to this 3-part question in your initial post:

Explain the rationale of the Supreme Court’s decision in Florence (the majority opinion by Justice Kennedy).

Explain the rationale of Justice Breyer’s dissenting opinion.

Evaluate both the majority and minority rationales. Explain and justify your evaluation by drawing on 
prior Supreme Court interpretations of the 4th Amendment’s prohibition of “unreasonable searches” from the required textbook.

POL 303 Week 4 DQ 2 Cruel and Unusual Punishment – Homeworkmade.

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Cruel and Unusual Punishment. During the last decade, the Supreme Court has applied the 8th Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishments against some of the harsher sentencing policies implemented by various states. Three cases dealing with juvenile offenders – Roper v. Simmons (2005), Graham v. Florida (2010), and Miller v. Alabama (2012) – illustrate this moderating trend. An underlying rationale of these decisions – “disproportionality” – contrasts with rationales guiding the Court’s earlier (pre- 2002) interpretations of the 8th Amendment (see Davis, 2008).

Respond to this 3-part question in your initial post:

Explain the rationale which seems to guide the current Supreme Court majority’s approach to defining 
“cruel and unusual punishment.”

Contrast this approach with an important rationale that seems to guide the pre-2002 Court.

Evaluate both of these approaches. Explain and justify your evaluation by drawing on persuasive 
evidence apart from your own personal opinion (e.g., research findings from sociology or criminal justice).

POL 303 Week 5 DQ 1 Eminent Domain – Homeworkmade.

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Eminent Domain. In 2005 the Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, upheld the constitutionality of a city taking private property, while paying the owner just compensation, and selling it to a private developer as part of a plan to stimulate the city’s weak economy (Kelo v. City of New London). Respond to this 3-part question in your initial post:

Explain the rationale of the Supreme Court’s decision in Kelo (the majority opinion by Justice Stevens).

Explain the rationale of Justice O’Connor’s dissenting opinion.

Evaluate both the majority and minority rationales. Explain and justify your evaluation. Include 
consideration of these factors:
§ The Supreme Court’s traditional approach to the “public use” requirement for takings
§ The relative competence of the Supreme Court vs. local governments to determine what is a 
“public use” to justify the taking of private property

POL 303 Week 5 DQ 2 Right to Bear Arms – Homeworkmade.

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Right to Bear Arms. In 2010 the Supreme Court’s novel and controversial interpretation of the 2nd Amendment greatly limited government’s power to restrict gun possession. The case McDonald v. Chicago sparked widespread debate across the political and legal community, some of which is expressed in the articles you read for this discussion. Read the summary of McDonaldv.Chicago, then choose and read two articles pertaining to the McDonald v Chicago case from the Recommended Resources for POL303 PDF file located in your online classroom.

Write a detailed critique of these articles. Respond to this 3-part question in your initial post:
a. Explain the articles’ positions and arguments.
b. Identify and analyze a strength and a weakness in the authors’ analyses or conclusions (from yourperspective). Explain your reasons for viewing each point as either a strength or a weakness.
c. Describe how the articles affect your evaluation of the Court’s decision in McDonald v. Chicago and explain why.

POL 303 Week 5 Final Paper – Homeworkmade.

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Focus of the Research Paper

In this essay you will research a case that is actively pending before the Supreme Court of the United States (not yet decided by the Court when you submit your essay at the end of Week Five). It must be a case that raises significant issues involving the interpretation of the Constitution. The thesis of your essay will be a statement of the decision, regarding these issues, which the Court should make, according to your research and analysis of the constitutional principles, Court precedents, facts of the case, and other relevant information.

Step One: Identify a Pending Case

First, you must identify a pending constitutional case that you will research. Here are some suggested search strategies:

Go to http://www.oyez.org and click on “Cases” (at the top-center) to display a list of cases before the Court 
during its current term. It will show the date on which the case was or is scheduled to be argued before the Court. Only consider cases that have not yet been argued or were argued very recently; so the Court is unlikely to issue its decision before you submit your essay. Click on the name of a case in this list to display the legal “questions” in each case. Look for “questions” that pose constitutional issues; and from these select a case that presents issues that you would want to research.

Go to http://www.scotusblog.com/ and click on “Merits Cases” (at the top-left side) to display a list of recent terms and select the most recent term (e.g., “October Term 2012). That displays a list of cases before the Court during its current term. It will show the date on which the case was or is scheduled to be argued before the Court. Only consider cases that have not yet been argued or were argued very recently; so the Court is unlikely to issue its decision before you submit your essay. This list also summarizes the issues in each case so that you can identify those with constitutional issues. Click on the name of a case to view more information about it, including links to various resources which may directly support your research.

Google the phrase “pending cases before the US supreme court.” Explore the links that Google offers. If you discover a constitutional case that you want to research, use Oyez or SCOTUSBlog (above) to verify that the case will still be pending when you submit your essay in Week Five.

Step Two: Instructor Approval

Next, your instructor may want you to identify your case, the date it will be (or was) argued, and the constitutional issues posed. Follow your instructor’s directions in this regard. Or, be proactive and forward your case information in Week One or Week Two.

Step Three: Begin Your Research

Now, you should be ready to research your case (remember the valuable resources that may be available in SCOTUSBlog). Start by reviewing the relevant chapter(s) in the textbook. Also, do some serious searching for scholarly articles in the Ashford Online Library.

Step Four: Begin Writing Your Paper

Your paper must clearly state your position on the constitutional issues posed in the case. Your paper should not address broader questions about the merits of the case or your personal opinions about extraneous matters; but it should focus on whether or not the state or federal rules, regulations, or laws at issue would violate a specific provision(s) of the

Constitution. You must clearly explain and logically apply a plausible interpretation of the constitutional provision(s) and justify your position using rationales from other relevant and identified Supreme Court decisions. Make clear whether you are relying on rationales used by the Court’s majority view or by a dissenting view; and if you rely on a dissent, your analysis should persuasively justify why this rationale should displace the prevailing majority rationale. Where appropriate, you may also incorporate support from scholarship in the disciplines of history, social science, biology, ethics, criminal justice studies, and public policy; but, such perspectives may be introduced only as they are directly relevant to interpreting the constitutional provision(s) at issue in the case.

POL 303 Week 1 Discussion 1 The Four Pillars of U.S. Government

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POL 303 Week 1 Discussion 1 The Four Pillars of U.S. Government

Prepare: Read Chapters 1 and 2 in the course text.

Reflect: The federal government of the United States was constructed using the directions provided in the U.S. Constitution. The Founding Fathers had the wisdom and foresight to create a very flexible and intelligently structured government framework that has endured. The entire American political system is based on four constitutionally derived pillars: a national government; separation of powers; federalism; and individual rights/liberties.

Write: In your initial post of at least 250 words, briefly describe one pillar of the American government, how it interacts with the other three pillars, and then provide real-world examples of how that pillar supports the democratic system of government. For example, you may want to discuss how the national government interacts with local and state governments and which entity has jurisdiction over the interactions.

Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references according to APA standards.

Respond to Peers: Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7. In your responses to your peers of at least 200 words, compare and contrast your discussion points with your peers. For instance, you might consider discussing if you achieved similar or different conclusions and the reasons behind it. Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references according to APA standards.

POL 303 Week 1 Discussion 2 Judicial Independence Within a Political Process

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POL 303 Week 1 Discussion 2 Judicial Independence Within a Political Process

Prepare: Read Chapter 1 and 2 in the course text and view the following video: “Marbury v. Madison.”

Reflect: The judicial branch of government was designed not only to serve as a check on the power of the executive and legislative branches but also to be the final arbiter on disputes among states and between the states and the federal government. One important arbitration tool utilized by the judicial branch is judicial review. Judicial review is one of the U.S. Constitution’s most provocative features as it plays an important role in shaping the laws that impact our society.

Write: In your initial post of at least 250 words, utilize the Constitution, established case law, and scholarly sources, to complete the following assignments:

• Define judicial review.
• Define judicial activism and judicial restraint.
• Provide one recent example of judicial review by the Supreme Court and explain if the reviews are
  considered examples of judicial restraint or judicial activism and why.
  Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references according to APA standards.

  Respond to Peers: Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7. In your responses to your peers of at least 200 words, extend the conversation by examining the claims or arguments of your peers in more depth. For instance, you might consider comparing your examples of judicial restraint or activism to a classmate’s examples. Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references according to APA standards.

POL 303 Week 2 Assignment Federalism and Constitutional Debates

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POL 303 Week 2 Assignment Federalism and Constitutional Debates

Federalism and Constitutional Debates. Due by Day 7. The written assignment this week requires you to apply your critical thinking skills and evaluate the impact of federalism on selected topics.

Prepare: For this week’s assignment please review Chapters 1 through 5 in the course text and any other additional articles or videos that will help you prepare for this assignment. Conduct personal research as required to fulfill the assignment requirements.

Reflect: This assignment will require you to use your critical thinking skills to evaluate how the concept of federalism interacts with various current constitutional debates. This assignment is also the first step in the process towards completing your final research paper. The topic that you select for this assignment, either religious freedom, free speech, or privacy rights, should be the topic for your final paper as well. That way, the first main discussion point for the final research paper will be completed when you complete this assignment. Therefore, think your topic selection over carefully, choose something you are interested in, and save yourself some extra work by continuing to research the same topic for your final paper.

Select one topic from the following list of three constitutional issues:

• Religious Freedom
• Free Speech
• Privacy Rights
  For this assignment, you need to discuss one positive and one negative impact of federalism on the issue you selected. Once you have discussed those impacts, you are expected to evaluate which impact is the most significant on your issue and discuss the reasons behind that evaluation.

For example, if your topic were to be about regulation of commerce, federalism impacts regulation of commerce in a positive way by setting nationwide safety and building standards for highways, railroads, and airfields. Federalism could impact regulation of commerce in a negative way by forcing states to adhere to nationwide speed limits and safety laws that may not take into consideration local conditions and needs.

If you were going to look at equal protection under the law, one could argue that federalism has positively impacted equal protection of the law. The Fourteenth Amendment was critical in reducing racial discrimination because of landmark rulings like Brown v. Board of Education. On the other hand, federalism initially enabled states to treat their citizens differently based on the color of their skin. Supreme Court rulings such as Plessy v. Ferguson allowed the states to segregate blacks and whites as long as the states provided “separate, but equal facilities.”

For this paper, utilize the Constitution, established case law, and scholarly sources to discuss both sides of the argument and then provide a logical argument why one impact is more significant.

Write: Your paper should be organized into the following sections and should:

• Introduce the selected issue and the direction of the paper (1/2 page)
• Discuss one positive impact of federalism on the selected issue. (1/2 page to 1 page)
• Discuss one negative impact of federalism on the selected issue. (1/2 page to 1 page)
• Evaluate which impact is the most significant and discuss why. (1 page)
• Conclude and summarize the main findings of the paper. (1/2 page)
  The paper must be three to four pages in length (not including title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. You must utilize at least three scholarly sources, one of which may be your course text. Cite your sources within the text of your paper and on the reference page. For information regarding APA, including samples and tutorials, visit theAshford Writing Center.

POL 303 Week 2 Discussion 1 Legislative and Executive Powers

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POL 303 Week 2 Discussion 1 Legislative and Executive Powers.

Prepare: Read Chapters 3, 4, and 5 in the course text and view the following video: “It’s a Free Country.”

Reflect: Congress passes legislation and the president is tasked with implementing that legislation unless the legislation is vetoed. The powers of both the legislative and executive branches were on full display with the passage and implementation of the U.S. Patriot Act. The Patriot Act was signed into law on October 26, 2001 — after the events of September 11th that same year. This act was passed because the legislative and executive branches felt there was a need for more cooperation between key government intelligence agencies and broader powers for law enforcement and the overall goal was a safer more secure United States. However, as the events of September 11th become a more distant memory, many have begun to question whether the Patriot Act is too broad in its scope and if the Act infringes on individual civil rights and liberties.

Write: In your initial post of at least 250 words, utilize the Constitution, established case law, and scholarly sources to evaluate the Patriot Act. Does the Act infringe on civil rights and liberties? Explain your reasoning.

Respond to Peers: Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references according to APA standards

Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7. In your responses to your peers of at least 200 words, extend the conversation by examining their claims or arguments in more depth. For example, compare your evaluation of the Patriot Act to a classmate’s that is opposite to your own evaluation. Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references according to APA standards.

POL 303 Week 2 Discussion 2 Federalism and the Exercise of National Power

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POL 303 Week 2 Discussion 2 Federalism and the Exercise of National Power

Prepare: Read Chapters 3, 4, and 5 in the course text and view the following video: “The Almost Painless Guide

to the Executive Branch.”

Reflect: The federal government has many duties, obligations, and powers under the Constitution. Some scholars argue that the reach of the federal government should be limited and constrained. Other scholars argue that the federal government should not be constrained or limited where the welfare of the U.S. people is concerned. For example, in the case, Gonzales v. Raich, the boundaries of the federal government’s definition of interstate commerce are in question. In this case, Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) agents took marijuana plants from a woman’s home in California under the Federal Controlled Substances Act. However, under California’s Compassionate Use Act of 1996, the plants were allowed for medical use.

Write: In your initial post of at least 250 words, utilize the Constitution, established case law, and scholarly sources to address the following questions:

• Does the federal government have the right to ban marijuana under the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution? Why or why not?
• What are some of the political issues that surround this case?
  Respond to Peers: Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly
  resources, and properly cite any references according to APA standards.
  Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts by Day 7. In your responses to your peers of at least 200 words, extend the conversation by examining their claims or arguments in more depth. For instance, you might consider comparing your argument to a classmate with a different position on the Commerce Clause. Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references according to APA standards.